Surface structure, activity and microgravimetry modeling delineate contrasted mud chamber types below flat and conical mud volcanoes from Azerbaijan

We compared the structure of two flat and conical mud volcanoes (MV) in Azerbaijan order to understand what governs morphological contrast. paid particular attention structural evolution surface, as observed field over 5 years monitored by satellite images revealing surface activity that period; addition, we acquired microgravity measurements probe deeper structure. The combination these data reveals all studied significant mass deficit concentric with edifice. Modeling indicates is consistent a chamber underlying summit caldera MVs plateau MVs, thickness several hundred meters for density contrast 500 kg/m3 between surrounding solid mud. Surface structures their during eruptions provide insight into depth chamber, which lies within few one deep ones. satellite-derived deformation analysis shows grow radial expansion compression flanks distributed around In contrast, flow stacking caldera, being constrained rim; excess supply accommodated occasional rim breaching overflow flank gullies.